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Что (кто) такое down draft - определение
![Rock star [[Aviv Geffen]] is one of several Israeli entertainers who have encouraged draft evasion.<ref name=Hilliard />](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aviv Geffen.jpg?width=200 "Rock star [[Aviv Geffen]] is one of several Israeli entertainers who have encouraged draft evasion.<ref name=Hilliard />")
![[[Eugene V. Debs]] spoke out against the draft during World War I.<ref name=Virden />](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Debs Canton 1918.jpg?width=200 "[[Eugene V. Debs]] spoke out against the draft during World War I.<ref name=Virden />")
![Burns, John]] (11 October 1967). "Deaf to the Draft". ''The Globe and Mail'' (Toronto), pp. 1, 2.</ref> counseling American draft evaders, 1967](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Draft dodgers being counseled 1967.jpg?width=200 "Burns, John]] (11 October 1967). \"Deaf to the Draft\". ''The Globe and Mail'' (Toronto), pp. 1, 2.</ref> counseling American draft evaders, 1967")
![draft]] card. Retention of the card was legally required.<ref>Rothenberg, Leslie S. (1968). ''The Draft and You: A Handbook on the Selective Service System''. New York: Anchor Books / Doubleday, p. 221. No ISBN number.</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DraftcardRenJuan.jpg?width=200 "draft]] card. Retention of the card was legally required.<ref>Rothenberg, Leslie S. (1968). ''The Draft and You: A Handbook on the Selective Service System''. New York: Anchor Books / Doubleday, p. 221. No ISBN number.</ref>")
![Michael Hendricks]] (right) is another draft evader who affected Canadian life.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hendricks-leboeuf2.jpg?width=200 "Michael Hendricks]] (right) is another draft evader who affected Canadian life.")
![Jim Green]] was one of several draft evaders who became prominent in Canada.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jim Green.jpg?width=200 "Jim Green]] was one of several draft evaders who became prominent in Canada.")
![countercultural]] figures to encourage draft evasion.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mackay308.jpg?width=200 "countercultural]] figures to encourage draft evasion.")
![Tattered copy of the ''Manual for Draft-Age Immigrants to Canada'' (1968)<ref name=Stewart>Stewart, Luke (December 2018). "[https://www.academia.edu/37718241/Review_Essay_Mark_Satin_ed._Manual_for_Draft-Age_Immigrants_to_Canada_Toronto_House_of_Anansi_2018_1968_%C3%89tudes_canadiennes_Canadian_Studies_N_85_December_2018_219-223 Review Essay: Manual for Draft-Age Immigrants to Canada]". ''Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies'', issue no. 85, pp. 219–223. Published in French and English by Association Française d'Études Canadiennes, [[Institut des Amériques]], France. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref> atop Anti-Draft Programme stationery.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Manual for Draft-Age Immigrants to Canada.jpg?width=200 "Tattered copy of the ''Manual for Draft-Age Immigrants to Canada'' (1968)<ref name=Stewart>Stewart, Luke (December 2018). \"[https://www.academia.edu/37718241/Review_Essay_Mark_Satin_ed._Manual_for_Draft-Age_Immigrants_to_Canada_Toronto_House_of_Anansi_2018_1968_%C3%89tudes_canadiennes_Canadian_Studies_N_85_December_2018_219-223 Review Essay: Manual for Draft-Age Immigrants to Canada]\". ''Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies'', issue no. 85, pp. 219–223. Published in French and English by Association Française d'Études Canadiennes, [[Institut des Amériques]], France. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref> atop Anti-Draft Programme stationery.")
![rioted against the draft in New York City]].<ref name=Cook />](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/New York Draft Riots - Harpers - beating.jpg?width=200 "rioted against the draft in New York City]].<ref name=Cook />")
![David Harris]] and "The Resistance" helped organize Stop the Draft Week in Oakland, California, October 1967.<ref>Gitlin (1993, orig. 1987), cited above, pp. 247–252.</ref><ref name=Ashbolt />](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Police, Stop the Draft Week.jpg?width=200 "David Harris]] and \"The Resistance\" helped organize Stop the Draft Week in Oakland, California, October 1967.<ref>Gitlin (1993, orig. 1987), cited above, pp. 247–252.</ref><ref name=Ashbolt />")
![Aleppo during the [[Syrian Civil War]]. By 2016, 70,000 draft evaders had fled Syria,<ref name=Khan /> and others remained undetected inside it.<ref name=Bulos />](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Syria- two years of tragedy (8642756918).jpg?width=200 "Aleppo during the [[Syrian Civil War]]. By 2016, 70,000 draft evaders had fled Syria,<ref name=Khan /> and others remained undetected inside it.<ref name=Bulos />")
![military-style shirt]], reportedly took extreme measures to avoid the draft.<ref name=Sirius />](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ted Nugent (16348001524).jpg?width=200 "military-style shirt]], reportedly took extreme measures to avoid the draft.<ref name=Sirius />")
![A draft of [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]'s [[Infamy Speech]], including the President's handwritten annotations.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Infamy-address-1.gif?width=200 "A draft of [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]'s [[Infamy Speech]], including the President's handwritten annotations.")
![Like many [[precocial]] hatchlings, domestic [[chicken]]s are already covered with a coat of downy feathers when they hatch.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chick.jpg?width=200 "Like many [[precocial]] hatchlings, domestic [[chicken]]s are already covered with a coat of downy feathers when they hatch.")
![A female [[common eider]] sits on her nest, surrounded by down feathers.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eider.a.duvet4.jpg?width=200 "A female [[common eider]] sits on her nest, surrounded by down feathers.")
![Body down feathers, like these exposed on this adult male [[budgerigar]]'s back, lie underneath the contour feathers and help to insulate birds against heat loss.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Melopsittacus undulatus - male pet preening.jpg?width=200 "Body down feathers, like these exposed on this adult male [[budgerigar]]'s back, lie underneath the contour feathers and help to insulate birds against heat loss.")
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.jpg?width=200 "Paralympian using an ice vest")
Википедия
Draft evasion is any successful attempt to elude a government-imposed obligation to serve in the military forces of one's nation. Sometimes draft evasion involves refusing to comply with the military draft laws of one's nation. Illegal draft evasion is said to have characterized every military conflict of the 20th and 21st centuries, in which at least one party of such conflict has enforced conscription. Such evasion is generally considered to be a criminal offense, and laws against it go back thousands of years.
There are many draft evasion practices. Those that manage to adhere to or circumvent the law, and those that do not involve taking a public stand, are sometimes referred to as draft avoidance. Draft evaders are sometimes pejoratively referred to as draft dodgers, although in certain contexts that term has also been used non-judgmentally or as an honorific.
Practices that involve lawbreaking or taking a public stand are sometimes referred to as draft resistance. Although draft resistance is discussed below as a form of "draft evasion", draft resisters and scholars of draft resistance reject the categorization of resistance as a form of evasion or avoidance. Draft resisters argue that they seek to confront, not evade or avoid, the draft.
Draft evasion has been a significant phenomenon in nations as different as Colombia, Eritrea, Canada, France, Russia, South Korea, Syria, and the United States. Accounts by scholars and journalists, along with memoiristic writings by draft evaders, indicate that the motives and beliefs of the evaders cannot be usefully stereotyped.
